Inorganic Chemistry
The p-block occupies Groups 13–18, contains metals, metalloids and nonmetals, and includes elements and compounds central to life and technology.
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Inorganic Chemistry through the p-Block
The p-block occupies Groups 13–18, contains metals, metalloids and nonmetals, and includes elements and compounds central to life and technology.
Open article →p-Block Configurations and Group-State Patterns
Groups 13–18 follow ns²np¹ to ns²np⁶ outer configurations and the textbook table links each family to characteristic group-state patterns.
Open article →Metallic Character across the p-Block
Metallic character is the tendency to lose electrons and form cations; it generally rises down a group as ionisation energy falls.
Open article →Ionisation Enthalpy and Electronegativity Trends
Both properties generally decline down p-block groups, while poor d- and f-electron shielding creates mapped deviations in Groups 13 and 14.
Open article →Why First p-Block Members Behave Differently
First members differ because they are small, strongly hold electrons and lack valence-shell d orbitals; boron also resembles silicon diagonally.
Open article →Multiple Bonding and Catenation in p-Block Chemistry
Carbon and nitrogen form multiple bonds, carbon catenates strongly, and small electronegative oxygen and fluorine support hydrogen bonding.
Open article →p-Block Molecular Hydrides
Hydrogen forms covalent or molecular hydrides with electronegative p-block nonmetals; these may be electron-precise, electron-deficient or electron-rich.
Open article →Inert Pair Effect and Lower-State Stability
In heavier Groups 13–16, outer ns² electrons increasingly remain nonbonding, so a state two below the group state becomes more stable.
Open article →Allotropism and Common p-Block Allotropes
Allotropes are different forms of one element in the same physical state; the mapped table compares twelve p-block examples.
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