Fundamental Duties
Begin with the USSR inspiration, Swaran Singh Committee, 42nd Amendment, Part IVA, Article 51A and the expansion from ten to eleven duties.
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7 bilingual articles
Fundamental Duties: Origin, Part IVA, Article 51A and Eleven Duties
Begin with the USSR inspiration, Swaran Singh Committee, 42nd Amendment, Part IVA, Article 51A and the expansion from ten to eleven duties.
Open article →Fundamental Duties: Constitution, National Symbols and Freedom Ideals
Study the first two duties: respect the Constitution, its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and Anthem, and cherish freedom-struggle ideals.
Open article →Fundamental Duties: Sovereignty, Service, Harmony and Cultural Heritage
Learn four connected duties: protect national integrity, render national service, promote inclusive brotherhood and preserve India's composite culture.
Open article →Fundamental Duties: Environment, Scientific Temper, Property and Excellence
Study duties to protect nature, develop scientific temper, safeguard public property without violence and strive for individual and collective excellence.
Open article →Fundamental Duty of Education: Article 51A(k) and the 86th Amendment
Understand the eleventh duty added in 2002: parents or guardians must provide educational opportunity to children or wards aged six to fourteen.
Open article →Fundamental Duties and Political Obligation: Citizen–State Reciprocity
Connect constitutional duties with political obligation, citizen–State reciprocity, legal authority, citizenship and the moral reason for obeying law.
Open article →Fundamental Duties: Moral, Legal, Positive and Negative Obligations
Compare four kinds of political obligation, their civic examples and the constitutional principle that cooperation includes resisting laws harmful to society.
Open article →Article access
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