Electronics and Communication
Energy bands distinguish conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
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Electronics: Energy Bands and Electronic Materials
Energy bands distinguish conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
Open article →Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors
Thermal energy creates electron-hole pairs, while doping selects majority carriers.
Open article →P-N Junction, Depletion Region and Biasing
Diffusion and drift establish a barrier, and external bias controls carrier flow.
Open article →Rectifiers, Filters and Zener Regulation
Diodes rectify AC, filters smooth pulsation and Zener breakdown stabilises voltage.
Open article →LED, Photodiode and Solar Cell
Junctions convert electricity to light or photons to electrical response and solar power.
Open article →Transistor Action, Configurations and Gain
A thin base lets a small base current control a large collector current.
Open article →Transistor as Switch, Amplifier and Oscillator
Bias selects switching states, a small base signal controls gain and positive feedback sustains oscillation.
Open article →Analog, Digital Signals and Logic
Digital electronics uses two voltage states and gates governed by Boolean algebra.
Open article →Electromagnetic Waves, Radio and Microwaves
Accelerated charges create transverse waves; radio and microwave bands carry wireless links.
Open article →Modulation: AM, FM and PM
Modulation places information on a carrier by varying amplitude, frequency or phase.
Open article →Communication System Elements and Bandwidth
Transducers, transmitter, channel and receiver carry information, while bandwidth measures frequency span.
Open article →Ground, Sky, Space and Satellite Propagation
Frequency determines whether radio follows Earth, returns from the ionosphere or travels by line of sight and satellite.
Open article →Optical Fibre, Radar, Mobile and Internet
Guided light, reflected radio pulses and cellular networks carry information for modern services.
Open article →Article access
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